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| NF-kB Activation: Elucidating Upstream Events |
By:
Stephen Jones |
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The classical pathway for activation of NF-kB, a key transcriptional regulator of the immune system, is controlled by the IKK complex. Activated IKK phosphorylates IkB which is ubiquitinated and rapidly degraded, allowing NF-kB to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it activates gene transcription. However, the mechanisms regarding IKK activation have been elusive.
Now CARMA1, Bcl-10, and MALT1 are helping to fill in the blanks of IKK activation. These proteins are downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) and upstream of the IKK complex (Fig. 1). Antigen-TCR signaling in the adaptive immune system leads to PKC-q activation and formation of an oligomerization-ubiquitination (Ub)-phosphorylation (P) pathway leading to activated IKK. Oligomerization-Ub-P pathways have also been found to mediate NF-kB activation through TLR (Toll-like receptor) signaling; suggesting these emerging IKK activation pathways may play key roles in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity.
IMGENEX offers a complete line of antibodies, inhibitors, ELISA assays, and RNAi kits to complement your NF-kB & TLR signaling studies. Visit our IMGENEX to learn how we can help you accelerate your research.
Author Information
IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa and one of its kinds in Eastern India. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an outsourcing branch of IMGENEX Corporation,San Diego, USA. Find out more information about NF-kB. |
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